1. It is shown that under the influence of high-power laser radiation on the target, the threshold of optical breakdown formation can be increased by more than an order of magnitude by moving the target relative to the beam during the laser pulse.

2. Together with the Laboratory of pulse processes, a productive technology for producing weakly agglomerated powders with an average particle size of ~10 nm, based on ablation of substances by a laser with a high average radiation power, has been developed.

3. The dynamics and spectral characteristics of a laser plume formed by evaporation of oxides by CO₂ radiation and a fiber ytterbium laser with an intensity of ~1 MW/cm² are investigated.

– It is shown that the evaporation of oxide targets occurs in the form of radicals, and the formation of nanoparticles in the laser plume begins at a distance of several millimeters from the target and is accompanied by intense turbulent mixing of steam and nanoparticles with air.

– It is found that in laser ablation of targets the appearance of large formless particles (> 10 µm) in the vapor-gas medium and, accordingly, in the resulting nanopowder is due to the cracking of the crystallized melt at the bottom of the laser crater after the laser radiation generation is stopped.

– It is shown that the decrease in the productivity of obtaining nanopowder Nd:Y₂O₃, YSZ, by continuous radiation of a fiber ytterbium laser is due to the transparency of these oxides at a wavelength of 1 µm and the expansion of the melt droplet set. This leads to the formation of a very uneven relief on the surface of the target as it evaporates and reduces the amount of nanopowder obtained by evaporation of one target. It is shown that the increase in the velocity of the laser beam, the increase in the diameter of the laser spot on the target and the transition from the continuous mode to the pulse-periodic mode significantly reduces the number of sprayed droplets, which increased the mass yield of the nanopowder.

4. Experimental and theoretical studies of the ablation mechanism of porous transparent dielectrics (oxides and fluorides), in particular compressed and sintered from microparticles targets with porosity of ~50%, using laser radiation of moderate intensity (10⁵-10⁶ W/cm²) are carried out. It is shown that due to scattering in some local areas of such a medium, the radiation intensity increases up to 30 times in comparison with the intensity of the incident radiation. Moreover, the maximum radiation intensity in such areas decreases as the refractive index of the material of microparticles decreases. This can be important in the production of nanopowders of transparent oxides by continuous or quasi-continuous Nd:YAG laser or fiber ytterbium laser with moderate radiation power, as well as laser processing of ceramic products from similar materials.

5. It is established that the average size of the oxide nanoparticles obtained by a powerful laser is weakly dependent on the oxide variety; it is mainly determined by the pressure and the buffer gas variety.